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Chapter 4 Neuroscience

110 questions in this chapter

Chapter notes
  1. Q1A PMHNP is reviewing the neurochemical functions of central monoamines. Which combination of clinical functions is governed primarily by dopamine acting at D1 and D2 receptor families in the central nervous system?
  2. Q2A 24-year-old male with schizophrenia is started on haloperidol. Within 48 hours, he develops severe muscle stiffness in his neck and involuntary upward eye deviation. The PMHNP recognizes that these extrapyramidal symptoms result from acute dopamine receptor blockade in which neuroanatomical structure?
  3. Q3An 8-year-old boy diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder is started on a methylphenidate stimulant. At a two-week follow-up visit, his mother reports improved classroom focus, but notes that he has developed new, frequent motor tics involving involuntary shoulder shrugging. What neurobiological mechanism explains the emergence of these tics?
  4. Q4A 38-year-old female with major depressive disorder reports that while her sadness has improved on an SSRI, she continues to suffer from severe anhedonia, complete lack of motivation, and impaired concentration at work. Which antidepressant medication mechanism is most appropriate to target these residual dopamine-deficient symptoms?
  5. Q5A 62-year-old male with schizophrenia taking high-potency haloperidol presents with a shuffling gait, masked facial expression, resting hand tremor, and muscle stiffness. The PMHNP recognizes that these parkinsonian symptoms are caused by D2 receptor blockade in which dopamine pathway?
  6. Q6A PMHNP is reviewing the neurobiological functions of central monoamines. Which cluster of physiological functions is governed primarily by norepinephrine originating from cell bodies in the locus coeruleus?
  7. Q7A 16-year-old high school student diagnosed with ADHD inattentive type is prescribed atomoxetine. The PMHNP explains to the student's mother that atomoxetine improves focused attention and reduces distractibility through which neurobiological mechanism?
  8. Q8A 28-year-old combat veteran with post-traumatic stress disorder reports severe intrusive trauma memories and distressing nightmares that disrupt his sleep. The PMHNP understands that these hyperarousal symptoms result from excessive noradrenergic activity in projections extending from the locus coeruleus to which brain structure?